Dow Jones | 41,763 |
S&P 500 | 5,705 |
Nasdaq | 18,095 |
2 Yr Treasury | 4.16% |
10 Yr Treasury | 4.28% |
10 Yr Municipal | 3.03% |
High Yield | 7.06% |
Dow Jones | 10.81% |
S&P 500 | 19.62% |
Nasdaq | 20.54% |
MSCI-EAFE | 7.30% |
MSCI-Europe | 6.40% |
MSCI-Pacific | 7.60% |
MSCI-Emg Mkt | 11.60% |
US Agg Bond | 1.86% |
US Corp Bond | 2.77% |
US Gov’t Bond | 1.90% |
Gold | 2,755 |
Silver | 32.81 |
Oil (WTI) | 70.50 |
Dollar / Euro | 1.08 |
Dollar / Pound | 1.29 |
Yen / Dollar | 153.21 |
Canadian /Dollar | 0.71 |
Macro Overview
Equities rebounded in July and remained resilient to tariff and trade tensions. Markets are realizing that the U.S. has been somewhat insulated from lingering trade disputes. Various analysts and market strategists are expecting trade tensions to ease as ongoing negotiations alleviate some of the uncertainty.
China’s ability to retaliate against U.S. imposed tariffs is proving to be difficult for China since the country imports far less from the U.S. than the U.S. imports from China. To China’s benefit, the country’s currency, the yuan, has fallen steadily since the onslaught of the new tariffs, ironically making Chinese products less expensive and more competitive internationally. Should the yuan continue to depreciate versus the U.S. dollar, the imposed tariffs may then be offset by the weakening yuan, creating even more trade tension between the two countries.
Because of a more developed and diverse financial market, the United States has numerous sectors for investors to shield themselves from trade politics and tariff disputes. International markets remain exposed and vulnerable to the trending tariff impositions and trade issues. Trade disputes with various countries have also enhanced volatility throughout the international markets. Emerging market countries, such as Russia, are losing financial ground against the U.S. dollar’s rise. The presence of Russian companies within emerging market indices has fallen from 10% in 2007 to 3% this year, as growth prospects and existing debt has become less favorable.
Short-term and long-term rates rose in July as improving economic data drove rates across all maturities higher. The 10-year Treasury yield ended July at 2.96%, extremely close to the yield on the 30-year Treasury at 3.08%.
The U.S. economy grew at a 4.1% annual rate per GDP (Gross Domestic Product) data released by the Commerce Department. The growth rate is the strongest in four years, validating improved business and consumer expansion. Strong consumer spending, increasing business investment, growing exports and additional government expenditures all contributed to an increase in GDP, the value of all goods and services produced across the economy.
A substantial shift with how corporate earnings are achieved occurred this quarter, as expanding earnings are coming primarily from revenue growth rather than from reducing expenses. Economists optimistically view this as an improvement in overall economic expansion due to higher sales and increased demand for products and services nationwide. (Sources: Commerce Dept., U.S. Treasury, Dept. of Labor, Bloomberg)
Equities Remain Resilient – Domestic Stock Market
Trade concerns affecting equities were overshadowed by rising corporate earnings and improving economic data. U.S. equities ended with gains across all size companies, small to large caps. Small caps have advanced the most year to date, yet large caps outperformed in July. Optimistically, all sectors posted gains in July, with industrials leading. As a reversal from the second quarter, value stocks outperformed growth stocks in July, signaling a rotation to less growth orientated companies.
Half of the largest ten U.S. companies ranked by market value are technology companies, representing over $4 trillion in market value. The other top ten companies include financials, banking and energy.
The telecom sector will be renamed the communications services sector, a better representation of the evolvement of the industry and technology driving it. Traditionally known as a steady sector with a few companies, the sector will now include many more companies and with ample growth orientation, accounting for over 10% of the S&P 500 Index.
Rising input costs are starting to impact certain sectors, as import tariffs are adding to various metal and commodity components. It is too soon to tell which companies may be passing along the higher material costs to consumers. (Sources: S&P, Dow Jones, Bloomberg, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/categories/32255)
Good News, More Workers Are Quitting Their Jobs – Employment Market Review
For the first time since 2000, there are more job openings than unemployed persons to fill them. Job openings rose to 6.7 million positions in April, more than the 6.3 million that were unemployed in April, the most recent data. A shrinking workforce is becoming a rising factor, due to retiring baby boomers and students deciding to stay in school longer before joining the workforce. The tighter labor market is also leading to a growing number of workers quitting their current job. Each month the U.S. Department of Labor releases employment data which includes how many workers are actually quitting their jobs. The data is considered a critical barometer of the labor market’s health and an indicator of economic growth.
The “quits rate” essentially measures how many workers quit their jobs voluntarily as opposed to being fired or laid off. Many economists and analysts follow the quits rate closely because it reveals how confident workers are. These same workers are also the consumers that the Fed monitors to determine if their confidence is allowing them to spend more, thus lifting economic growth. The most current quits rate rose to 2.4 in May, the highest monthly reading in over 10 years. Following the financial crisis in 2008, the quits rate dropped as workers were less confident in leaving a job they had rather than look for another job opportunity. (Sources: U.S. Labor Department)
Rates Gradually Rise – Global Debt Markets
It is a possibility that additional Federal Reserve rate increases this year may reduce the difference, also known as the spread, to nearly zero between short-term and long-term rates. The similarity of short-term and long-term rates is a barometer for economists and analysts in determining economic growth expectations.
The broad retraction of fiscal stimulus by global central banks in the U.S., Europe, and Asia have led to less liquidity for bonds among some of the emerging market countries. Debt owed in U.S. dollars by foreign countries makes it more expensive to pay back as the U.S. dollar rises. Trade tensions are affecting the Chinese debt market, as corporate bonds are defaulting at a rising rate. Overextended Chinese companies ladened with debt are also seeing the effects of a weaker Chinese currency, the yuan, which makes repayment of debt more costly in the global markets.
U.S. Treasury bond yields rose in late July propelled by strong economic growth data and expected continued rate rises signaled by the Federal Reserve. The yield on the 10-year Treasury rose to 2.96% at July’s end, close to piercing the 3% point as it did in May. (Sources: Fed, Dept. of Commerce)
New Home Sales Are Dropping – Housing Market Update
Data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development revealed that new home sales have been falling. Sales for new homes have been affected as mortgage rates have risen and a lack of supply is still an issue. Labor shortages of qualified workers throughout the housing industry have placed a strain on the construction of new homes, an issue that is not prevalent with existing home sales.
Affordability is becoming an issue as rates have risen, driving up mortgage payments. Even though prices have fallen with the median priced home at $302,100 this past month down from $322,900 a year ago, the current 30-year fixed conforming rate has risen to 4.54% from 3.92% in the same period. Lower home prices are offsetting some higher mortgage rates in certain parts of the country.
Home prices are becoming out of reach for many first time buyers, especially younger singles and couples that are an essential catalyst for an expanding housing market. According to Freddie Mac, higher home prices on lower priced homes have reduced affordability for younger home buyers. New home sales, not existing home sales, is the housing sales component measured into GDP. Existing home sales have also dropped in the past year, by over 2%. Government data includes new home sales because of the new expenses created, such as property tax, first time mortgage, and utilities. (Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Housing, Freddie Mac)
10th Millionth U.S. Patent Issued – Historical Note
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) reached a milestone in June by issuing the 10th millionth patent. In 1790, the Patent Act was passed by the first Patent Board, which included Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and Secretary of War Henry Knox.
President George Washington signed the first U.S. patent which was granted to Samuel Hopkins for the improvement in “the making of pot ash and pearl ash”, fundamental fertilizers for agriculture.
In 1849, President Abraham Lincoln received a patent for a “bouying vessel”, and since then is the only U.S. president to have been issued a patent.
As decades passed, patent designs became more complicated and descriptive, evolving into a complex and structured process to protect proprietary ideas and inventions.
Recent advancements in technology have spurred an onslaught of new patents over the past decade, with 347,642 patents issued in 2017, nearly double of the patents issued in 2007.
Patents have become a protected asset for small and large companies whose creative innovations and concepts can produce revenue for years. Currently, U.S. design patents filed on or after May 13, 2015 have a 15-year term, thus protecting the intellectual property of a patent.
Among the 10 million patents issued over the past 228 years, here are a few of the most notable:
Sources: U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, https://10millionpatents.uspto.gov